AP literary terms (first 2)

Allusion- an indirect reference to a person, event statement, or theme found in previous literature, the arts, history, myths, religion, or popular culture. They are used to enrich the meaning of a story by using the connotations that they hold.

E.g. "Dido a dowdy, Ceopatra a gypsy, Helen and hero hildings and harlots, Thisbe a grey eye or so but not to the porpose."
Romeo and Juliet Act II Scene IV

This allusion discusses a few lover in the history of the world and compares them to juliet.

Syntax- the arrangement-ordering, grouping, and placement- of words within a sentence. Some critics would extend the meaning of the term to encompass such things as the degree of complexity or fragmentation within these arrangements.

E.g.
It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for alms.

In this example of syntax Jonathan Swift is trying to accurately portray the problem of poverty in Ireland. he uses very descriptive words, and a very long sentence to get the point across.