Level 8

level 1 panderers and seducers- used ppl to meet their own goals
whipped by giant black demons and move in circles
Venedico Caccianemico

level 2-flatterers falsely advertised or flattered
live in piles of crap and slime and they eat it and are covered in it

Thais- prostitute of classical literature

level 3-simoniacs-people who sold church offices instead of giving them to the right person
burned upside dwn in a whole surrounded by oil. Feet are exposed and burned
Pope Nicholas III is here for neptism and sellig church positions.

Level 4 SOrcerers, soothsayers and fortune tellers=magical people
people have their eads backwars and must walk backwards.
MAnto is here

level 5-barrators and grafters- people who stole from close friends and trustees, cheaters.
live n a boiling tar and are stabbed by pitchforks if they are seen by the black demons above.
Fra GOmita-sold freedom t prisoners

Cantos 23-25

Canto 23
line 47--"Not like his mere companion, but like his child"
This quote goes along with the idea that Dante is one of the greatest poets. He is classifying himself as the son of Virgil and thus relating himself as a great poet. It also is prising Virgil as a great fatherly leader and figure.

Canto 24
line 103-104--"Just so expires the Pheonix in its flames,"
This is odd because he is comparing these souls to the noble pheonix. this could be because he was condemned to this ring by the people who exiled him from florence. He could be justifying this circle just incase he ends up going there.

Canto 25
The idea that the people are morphing into a snake symolize that the people were snakes in their lifetime. They were frauds and sly like a snake.

Cantos 20-22

Canto XX
The digression of the story of Manto is interesting. It shows that souls in this realm are put there becasue of magic use. However, it doesnt seem like Manto has done much to deserve to be put in this ring of hell. The story could be a condemning of the people of mantua, a rival city-state, to florence.
Bodies of water are a motif and mean different things throughout the story.

Canto XXI
lines 10-..."and so instead one uses the time to make his ship anew...
Boats are a motif in Dantes Inferno, the dragon creature that carried them to the eighth level was depicted as a boat. Now the level is compared to the winter when people use the time to repair their ships and put new tar on them. Boats symbolize travel and new places. Boats could be used in this poem because they symbolize the travel to a new level or into a new place.

Canto XXII
line 137--"A full grown hawk equipped with claws to respond"
the conparing of the demons to hawks is an interesting idea. hawks symbolize flight, hunting, and freedom. However, the demons are only free in that they are not tortured in hell, they are only stuck there. They do however hunt the souls of hell and fly.
When the two demons fall into the tar and burn they are compared to crusts, suggesting that they have no middle or soul. Hawks are a symbol of a free soul.

Dante Cantos 16-19

Canto 16
Line 17--"linked their bodies in a wheel"
I interpreted this as being a comment due to the fact that the people in this section of hell. The people are connected by their gayness. The chapions are ancient wrestlers which reinforces the idea that wrestling is gay, this could be a comment by Dante that writing is better than sports.

Canto 17
Line 49--"Each had a purse hung round his neck"
Dante used the purses as a label to put more people who he hates into hell. The family emblems each represent a family of Padua. Padua is a city state that is probably an opponent of florence. For this, dante condemns the inhabitants to hell.

Canto 18
In this section of the 8th circle of hell Dante finds the soul of Venidico Caccianemico who he labels as a pimp by putting him in this circle of hell. The punishment in this level is quite ironic because the pimps are beaten by the demons and controled much like they had controled and sold women.

Canto 19
line 48--"boniface, are you already there"
This goes with the theme of the atrocities of the church. Pope Boniface III is labeled as destined for the deep rings of hell because he was expected there. Boniface had a personal part in banishing Dante and therefor he is a very special enemy in Dantes eyes.

Cantos 13, 14, 15

Canto XIII
Line 9--"the repellent harpies make their nest"
this line introduces another monster from classical liturature. The Harpy is a femle monster that shrieks and torments men. This goes along with the many other classical beasts found in hell.

Why is violence against ones self before violence before god and after violence to others? it seems that it would be lesser ring of the 7th level.

Canto XIV
lines 38-52--The man, copaneus, seems to pay no heed to the falling fire and the souls around him. Even in death he is to proud to not hate god. This shows true ignorance on his part and is a comment by Dante on the nature of kings who think themselves above god.

The figure that produces the rivers from each type of metal in its body is an interesting symbol. Each type of metal represents a different society in the history of man.(the bronze age, gold age, iron age...) This is interesting because many of these ages were before christianity and therefore they produce the rivers of hell. If a new age dawns will another river appear? As society devlopes is Dante hinting that more evils will be produced?

Canto XV
Brunetto was Dantes mentor...this fits in that dante is discovering his past in a way and finding all of the souls that he had once known in life. Dante the poet is condemning those souls to hell. This is an interesting person to condemn because Dante seems fond of him.. Why is this?

line 90--"i am prepared for Fortune to do her will"
This fits with the theme of fate and acceptance. Dante is ready to allow whatever fate is destined to be his. He asks of his future knowing that he cannot change it. This is a good trait. dante gives his character this to make him seem more noble.

Cantos 9-10

Cantos IX

Lines 39-43--"he fierce Erinyes,; He said, who knew those handmaids of the queen...Megaera...Alecto...Tisiphone."
The three fate plus medusa and hectate, the queen of hell, gaurd thecity of Dis. The three, again following the theme of threebeing a holy number, are monsters who seduced men. The placing of them here could be a testament to womens seductive nature and that women at that time werent very good and therefor deserved hell.

Lines 70-73--"a thousand souls of the ruined; Flee before one who strode across the Styx; Dry-shod as though on land. With his left hand; He cleared the polluted air before his face."
Their are many important keys in this quote. First is that the evil souls flee before him, this shows the obvious dominance of heaven over hell. It also shows how powerful heaven is. Second is that he strode across the river without getting wet, possibly an allusion to the bible. Third is that with his "left" hand he cleared the pollution. This shows that it used very little effort since the right hand is considered stronger.


Canto X

Lines 21-25--"Your way of speakin in so courteous a fashion-;...shows that you were born; in the same noble fatherland: there where; I possibly have wrought excessive harm."
This, firsty, reinforces the theme of Dantes glorification of himself. He uses the character to show that he is of a great place and speaks very eliquently. Secondly, it goes along with the idea that all of Dantes enemies are in hell. This man attcked Dante's homeland, and therefore he is labled as a non-believer and setenced to hell.

The people in the burning coffins who id not believe in the afterlife are sentenced to only be able to see the past and the future. They cannot live in the present because that was their flaw in life, they only believed in the now, they did not believe in the future afterlife. This goes along with the rest of the book in that the condemned suffers what they did wrong in life.

Dantes Inferno Cantos 7 & 8

Cantos 7
Lines 40-41--"At the circle's facing points, that mark devision: Between opposite faults"
The fault he speeks of is hoarding and excessive spending. These are opposite sides of greed. The soenders want to find all of the new comforts whereas the hoarders find comfort in as much money and possesions as they can have. In the book the two people run against eachother crushing the other with rocks. This shows the conflict between the two sides.

Lines 101--"these are the souls whom anger overcame"
The fourth level of hell is also reserved for those people who allowed anger to control them. They were destined to fight and attack eachother forever, others were trapped in the black-purple water of the land.

Cantos 8
Lines 58 and 63--"Come get Filippo Argenti" and "i leaned forward to peer out intently"
the first quote is another of the author dante's attacks on one of his rivals or enemies. He portrays the man as a man destined to hell that gets ripped apart. The second quote depicts Dante watching the carnage of the man intently and being happy about it. He says that he gives god thanks for allowing him to watch it. This is implying that Dante is above the normal person. He has just willed someone to die and he believes that he will be fine and remain vertuous. This idea that Dante is better than the others recurs many times.

Line 88-89--"You remain here, who have guided such a one: Over terrain so dark." You Judge, O reader"
This is spoken by the gaurds of the City of Dis. They want Virgil to stay but not Dante. This could be because Dante knows how to get to the lower regions of hell which they want to protect from good people. Also they do not want Dante, who in Dantes perspective is a virtuouus and good man, to pass on through the gates. They are afraid of everything good.

Cantos 5-6

Cantos V
Line 19--"Don't Be deceived because the gate is wide."
This is a comment not only on the obvious situation in the book but also on society. Minos is warning Dante to be cautious of wanting to go deeper into hell even though the door seems wide and welcoming. However, this is also true in society, some things arent as they seem or are worse than they seem to be.

In Cantos V Dante describes many of the people in the second layer of hell which is dominated by those with lustfull thoughts. However, almost all of the people that he describes are women. Cleopatra, Helen, and Dido were all women. He does mention a few men such as Achillis and Paris, but the first names he speaks of are those of women. This could be a comment on the nature of women or how men viewed women.

Cantos VI
--The description of the third circle of hell is quite graphic and shows some humor on Dantes part. The people of the third ring are the gluttons. This is humorous because the gluttons are forced to glut themselves on crap and dirt. THey have excess of rain and snow and hail and are in general in a filthy condition which is opposite of what they had lived in during life.

Line 68-76--"For the triple sparks of envy, greed, and pride...If they feel Heaven's Sweetness, or Infernal poison...among the blackest in Hell,"
This is a foreshadow into the deeper circles of hell. Dante asks what has become of people who he knew in life. They were the leaders of the rebellion in Italy in Dantes town. He will most likely meet them later on in the story, deeper in hell. This could be a comment against the people who had bannished him. He could be condemning them to his hell.

Dantes Inferno Canto III and IV

Canto III
Line 30-33--"This is the sorrowful state of souls unsure...neither honor or bad fame..neither rebelious to god nor faithful to him."
This ties into a theme of indecision. Even the souls who didn't choose Heaven or Hell but led a good life were still sent to the outskirts of hell. They are punished by having bugs eat at them . This is strange because the souls who did not choose are shown as having a worse fate then those who did not have a choice. Indecision is therefore a sin, or the lack of complete faith in god, but parrallel lack of faith in satan, is a sin.

Line 89-90--"There demon Charon beckons them, with his eyes of fire;"
Charon, the ferryman accross the Acheron River in hell is a demon. He taunts and abuses the souls of the indecisive. He is either commanded by God to punish these souls who did not choose christianity, or he is controled by Satan who torments everyone.

Canto IV
Line 25-27--"They did not sin;...without: baptism, portal to the faith you maintain."
Virgil is describing the souls of the first circle of hell. The people of this ring either were never baptised or were born before christianity and did not have a choice. They have a "paradise" here and these are the only people that Virgil feels bad for because he belongs to this group. This state of this ring of hell is a statement on the compasion and acceptance of God. he allows these people who never accepted him, to rest in a nicer part of hell.

Line 86--"Onward toward the light i made a sixth"
Dante here is walking with Virgil, Homer, Horace, Lucan, and Ovid. All of these men are stuck in the first circle of hell because they were born before christianity. However, they are all brilliant minds of their times. Dante calls himself a sixth to this group. He is classifieing himself with the greatest poets of history.

Cantos I
Line 25-29--"a leopard, near the place: The way grew steep...Blocking the path...she made me turn about: To go back down"
The Leopard, according to the notes in the book, symbolizes lust. However, i view it as the only of the three animals that doesnt threaten Dante. The lion roars and frightens him, the grey wolf stalks and scares him, however, the leopard only made him turn back. She acts more like a "gaurdian" than a "gaurd", that is, she is there more to warn the oncomer than to scare them away. Also, she appears in the "early morning" while the "fair sun rising", this is more of a good sign.

Line 55--"Of the false gods who lied."
This is the first true statement by the author that christianity is right and paganism was wrong. He is referring to the pagan gods who lied about the afterlife and all of religion.


Cantos II

Line 49-50--"my friend-No friend of Fortune-"
In these lines, Beatrice the Lady of Heaven is speaking to virgil and trying to persuade him to go and guide Dante through Hell. However, there is also an allusion to Lady Fortune who represents fate. Dante the author is saying here that he did not come upon good fortune or fate in his life. this could be a coment on his exile.

The three ladies and even God are shown in an interesting way in this Canto. God passes on the order to help Dante to Lucy who passes it to Beatrice who passes it to Virgil. This could either be a comment on comradary, or laziness. Why do they pass it on so many times?

Dantes Inferno

-canto 1--Introduction to all three books.
33 parts to each book
Virgil is the guide

All of these people went to hell and returned
Aeneas--Roman Empire
St. Paul--Papacy--Roman who was blinded by a vision of christ--represents the pope
Odysseus
hercules
Thesseus

Literary Terms

Antimetabole- A verbal pattern where the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the words in revers grammatical order.
"He cared for nobody, no not he, and nobody cared for him."

Asyndeton- writing style that omits conjunctions between words, phrases or clauses.
"they dove, splashed, floated, splashed, swam, snorted."

Chiasmus- a verbal pattern in which the second half of the expression is balanced against the first.
"nice to see you, to see you, nice!"

Conceit- an elaborate comparison of vary different things.

Didactic-a literary form that teaches a specific lesson

Epanalepsis- a rhetorical term for the repetion at the end of a clause or sentence of the word or phrase that began it.
"Rejoice in the lord Always: and again i say, Rejoice."

Epithet- an adjective that is frequently used to describe a person or thing.
"bloodred sky' stone-cold heart"

Hypotactic-a sentence which uses connecting words between clauses or sentences.
"It is hot because the sun is out"

Juxtaposition- when unassociated ideas are placed next to each other to surprise the reader.

Parable- a short story that teaches a life lesson.
" the legs of the lame are not equal: so is a parable in the mouth of fools."

I, Too By Lagston Hughes

I, Too by Langston Hughes

I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.

Tomorrow,
I'll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody'll dare
Say to me,
"Eat in the kitchen,"
Then.

Besides,
They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed—

I, too, am America.

Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance was a movement to express themselves by the African Americans, who had migrated to better and freer conditions in New York. Much of the literature and art depicted the typical rural life of the old generation of African Americans. They used imagery to describe the conditions of their lives. Poetry hailed the larger black figures and accented the racism of whites. One popular form of poetry was jazz poetry which had a rythym like jazz and dealt with black problems.

Authors:

Langston Hughes
WEB DuBois
Countee Cullen
Claude McKay

Poem:

"I, Too" by Langston Hughes

On Time by John Milton

Fly envious Time, till thou run out thy race,
Call on the lazy leaden-stepping hours,
Whose speed is but the heavy Plummets pace;
And glut thy self with what thy womb devours,
Which is no more then what is false and vain,
And meerly mortal dross;
So little is our loss,
So little is thy gain.
For when as each thing bad thou hast entomb'd,
And last of all, thy greedy self consum'd,
Then long Eternity shall greet our bliss
With an individual kiss;
And Joy shall overtake us as a flood,
When every thing that is sincerely good
And perfectly divine,
With Truth, and Peace, and Love shall ever shine
About the supreme Throne
Of him, t'whose happy-making sight alone,
When once our heav'nly-guided soul shall clime,
Then all this Earthy grosnes quit,
Attir'd with Stars, we shall for ever sit,
Triumphing over Death, and Chance, and thee O Time.

Rennaissance

Rennaissance literature was characterized by a focus on humanism and realism. Renaissance authors such as John Donne, John Milton and Shakespeare display many of the characteristics of renaissance poetry. These characteristics include the use of classical allusion and an epic style for many poems. Also the themes of many poems reside in the realm of human feeling and life. Renaissance, or "rebirth" was a re-exploration of the human character and of the laws of the world.

Renaissance Authors:
Richard Barnfield
William Byrd
THomas Campion
George Chapman
Samuel Daniel
John Donne
WIlliam Dunbar
Sir Edward Dyer
Elizabeth I
Henry VIII
THmas Lodge
John Lyly
Thomas Nashe
George Peele
Sir Walter Ralegh
WIllim Shakespeare
John Skelton
Edmund Spencer
Thomas Wyatt
John Milton

On Time by John Milton

"A Light Exists in Spring" Explication

“A Light Exists in Spring”
Emily Dickinson
This, like most of her poems, is a sad poem. However, it does have a slightly lighter aspect to it. In the beginning of the poem Dickinson speaks of “a light [that] exists in spring”. This is the lighter part of the poem. Her poems are normally about her solitude or generally solemn ideas. Any light is good. She goes on to say that the light is only their in spring, which dampens the mood slightly but still leaves a chance of good. In line 7 she says that “science cannot overtake” the light. This means that science cannot describe it accurately. Only “human nature” can. The third stanza describes the light as illuminating everything and how it “almost speaks to you”; again a brighter outlook. However, in the fourth stanza she describes how It leaves suddenly “without the formula of sound; it passes, and we stay-“ .
In this poem, the light that Emily Dickinson is talking about is hope. It is hope that she will find a good life. She was a very solitary person and probably had either issues with depression or society. The light in the first 3 stanzas represents her hope for a better life, a happy, life. However, the final 2 stanzas show how she believes that hope abandons people without even a warning. The person is left more sad than before and longing for the “light” again. The title and first stanza, which state that the hope only comes once a year, either mean that the hope and chance is very rare. Or they are an allusion to an activity that happens in early march every year.

3 nights, 7 times forgetting to save, 7 cursing rampages, 15 pages, 268 paragraphs, 537 lines, 6038 words, 26603 characters, ONE analysis of 43 poems

Chapter 3
There is no Frigate like a Book
1) If “miles” was substituted for “lands” in the poem the element of majesty would be lost. Miles implies a distance that is long and usually uncomfortable. “Lands” gives the poem a majestic and mysterious tone. In literature, if you go lands away then you have traveled to a new realm that is usually very different from home. If “Cheap” was substituted for “frugal” it would again take away the majesty of the poem. Cheap implies something of little value or worthless. Where as a more imaginative and valuable word, “frugal”, gives the chariot a sense of value and majesty but makes it seem like it is a great deal. Like reading the poem is an easy escape to a new land.
2) Prancing is very appropriate for coursers because coursers are horses and horses prance. It is appropriate to poetry because poetry usually has a rhythm like a galloping horse. It also can be very beautiful like a prancing pony.
3) Yes this account is appropriate for all kinds of poetry. Every poem gives colorful insight into a different world or view on the world. Poems are a journey to something new, as this poem describes.
Exercise on Page 763
1) A. Steed
B. Tyrant
C. Samarkand
2) A. Dam
B. offspring
C. sibling
3) A. Slender, Thin, skinny, gaunt
B. Affluent, Prosperous, Moneyed, loaded
C. Intelligent, Smart, brainy, eggheaded
4) A
5) Fast in these contexts means quick or speedy. Fast living could be not only that the person’s life passed quickly but also that they lived well. Fast color could mean a bright color.
6) White in the first example is a good thing it is used to describe a good characteristic of a white breast. However, in the second white implies that the lady was deeply shocked and frightened. White, although it literally means a color, can be used in either a good or bad way.
On my First Son
1) “Right Hand” has many connotations. It could mean that the father went through much labor to get his son. Also the most prized person sits on the right hand of the master. Exacted is a harsher word for taken. Such as ‘he exacted revenge’. However, just is a word for fair. Saying that it was a “just day” could mean that his son’s death was fair. His son’s death is compared to a loan because a loan must be taken out and it makes your life better but it has to end one way or another. In the end it will be as painful or more so than not taking the loan out at all.
2) Poetry is a piece of art with life and rythym much like a child’s life is.
3) Hope can be a sin because hoping too much can create lust and want. These are two of the sins of the church. Hope can also make people make bad decisions.
A Hymn to God the Father
1) Yes, this information is of value because it helps to clarify what he is writing about. It also shows that he is a holy man and he isn’t mocking the church. Any information that tells about the author helps to decipher the poem.
2) The sin he refers to in lines one and two is his marriage against the will of his wife’s father. That is where he “began” in his faith and work in the church. In lines 13-14 he talks of when he dies and has made his last impression on earth, he will die on the shore so he will have easy access to heaven.
3) “Done” could be interpreted as meaning that something was done like an action. Or that they were done as in finished. This means that by doing the action they could be finished or have more time. All of which is pertaining to death. The pun on sun is that it could be sun as in the star in the sky or sun as in the son of god. The sun in the sky physically shines down on him at his death because he lived a good life. However, God’s son will protect his soul and take him to heaven.


Chapter 4
Parting at Morning
1) The world of men needs the lover and the lover needs the world. He thrives, symbolized by the rising sun, on life and he needs the world to thrive off of.
2) The sea appears to come around the cape as the sunlight hits the water. This could symbolize how humanity needs him and is coming to him guided by the sun. He mentions the effect before the cause to give more imagery and to provide a slight hook.
3) What was the first poem?
Spring
1) The statement in the first line that “nothing is so beautiful as spring” is proven true through the vivid descriptions of Thrush’s songs and eggs, and of “the gassy peartree leaves and blooms”.
2) The poem is rich in its vivid imagery. The Garden of Eden is considered to be a rich place. It also has a lot of alliteration that helps to please the readers ear.
3) In line 9, spring is compared to juice. This is appropriate because juice is nectar, which comes from the flowers which come in spring time. Also they talk of the Garden of Eden which is the original place where flowers grow. Also, juice is awesome! In line 13, spring is compared to an innocent mind of a child. This is appropriate because spring is a time of new life. It is innocent with all of the budding flowers and trees. It is birth from the harsh winter.
4) His lines are more effective because they use words like “sour” and a specific ordering of words to not only make the poem more confusing, but to help create a picture of savior, and give a noble sound.
I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain
1) The senses that are evoked in this poem are visual, auditory, and physical. You can hear the funeral procession marching and feel their boots. You here them lift the coffin and the speaker creates an image of the funeral in your mind. Smell and taste are the senses that are not appealed to.
2) The first event is the procession of mourners to the graveyard. The second is the service when they are all seated at the grave. The third is the placing of the coffin in the grave, and the final is the burial. The mental events that correspond with them are just that with every step in the funeral, the mind of the speaker gets less and less apparent. It senses less and finally “finished knowing-then-“
3) The speaker according to the funeral is located underneath them in the graveyard looking up at the people and feeling their boots.
4) The speaker finally lost his mind, his “plank of reason” broke and he died and, I am assuming, left his body to either heaven or hell.
To Autumn
1) Hook: the poppies are hooking people with their beauty but they also hok over as the die. This stanza is talking of the fall when flowers are dying and “hooking” over.
Barred: means that the clouds are dark and hold rain in them which will help the flowers bloom.
Sallows: The gnats are hanging by the shallow stagnant waters of the rivers.
Bourn: grassy hill that the sheep are on and bourn on.
Croft: a place in a garden where birds hang out.
2) Visual imagery: “fruit and vines that round the thatch”
Taste: “sweet kernel”
Sensory: warm days
Organic: drowsed with the fume”
Smell: “the fume of poppies”
Hearing:”songs of spring”
3) The images are carefully organized. The first stanza is largely visual and it describes autumn just after summer. The second stanza is smell and physical and is the end of autumn. The third stanza is random.
4) Autumn is personified as sitting on a granary floor in stanza 2. In stanza 1 autumn is the “close-bosom friend” of the sun. In stanza three it has songs, which is a human characteristic.
5) The stanzas each give their own form of beauty which passes towards the end of the stanza and poem all together.

Chapter 5
Bereft
1) It is in the cold fall at night and a storm is happening. The speaker is in an old house alone and he has been for a while, secluded from society.
2) The comparison of the leaves to a snake shows that the speaker feels like he is being attacked. He is alone in the world and so is probably not the happiest fellow.
3) “Hissed” in line 9 is reinforced in line ten when the leaves are said to rise up and strike at the speaker like a snake would. Also, the words that the speaker chooses gave the poem a sinister tone.
4) Wind is compared to a person or thing that studies the speaker. The door is restive because it does not move. The man is alone so his door isn’t used very often. This gives the door a person like quality of resting. His life is compared to a lonely life. He is a lonely wanderer whose only friend is God.
5) The tone is of defeat, loneliness, and sadness but it is also very sinister with the appearance of the snake. The last line is very sad and lonely and solidifies the idea that he is alone
It sifts from Leaden Sieves
1) It is snow
2) In lines 1-2 “it” is compared to something that covers the wood or forest and comes from heavy clouds. In lines 17-18 it is compared to something that makes watchmen nervous like the ankles of their queen, which are white like snow.
3) Leaden Sieves are heavy clouds filled with snow that are ready to dump it like a sieve. Alabaster wool is a white blanket or covering of some kind. Even face is a vast and smooth cover like just after a snowfall. Unbroken forehead is again a large smooth face. A summers empty room is a completely clear place and shows that it is winter. Artisans are the people that don’t do anything because it is frozen outside.
The Subalterns
1) Subalterns: someone that is below the powers of god.
Wight: a person of little power.
Ark: a large ship of refuge from something. In this poem it is a refuge from death.
Fell: harsh and sad. Not good.
Owned: had control of
2) Each thing can only have the human like qualities that are similar to its actual qualities. The north wind is freezing. Sickness kills. Death happens. Each one, also, is controlled by a higher being and each of them is resentful of it.
3) We smiled at eachother then: and life was less : threatening and sad then when: the powers of evil could control themselves.
Excercises on Page 796
1) Figurative: haughty day----person that is mad. Blue urn with fire ----someone who is angry inside but doesn’t show it. This is a larger metaphor for Quinn.
2) Figurative: words are sunbeams. The more meaningful the words the deeper they are appreciated.
3) If u are happy, sober, and self control then you will be healthy.
4) Words have more of an affect than war.
5) Family is the strongest bond
6) The ladies live in extravagance
7) Literal
8) Desert is personified as being able to crouch.
9) Literal they are probably going to war
10) Literal for people who like to party and get drunk.
I taste a Liquor never brewed
1) Debauchee-mixture
Foxglove- a bar
2) Breathing, drinking, and becoming nourished are being compared to intoxication because they are all enjoyable things.
3) Tankards hold beer, but if they are scooped in pearl then they are expensive or have something to do with the sea. “Inns of Molten Blue” is a metaphor for the sea. “Snowy hats” are white caps of waves.
4) Drunks lean against lamp posts. Seraphs and saints both act uncalm and excited to see a drunkard.
Pink Dog
1) Scabies: a skin rash that is contagious
Sambas: a weird dance
Depilated: run down and dirty looking
2) The speaker thinks of the dog as inferior but also it regards it disdain. The speaker isn’t affected by the dog but he sees that other people are. The rhymes are all bad things which shows how the speaker doesn’t like the dog. Later in the poem the speaker reveals more and more personal things about the dog like how it has babies and he shos how he knows how the dogs life is like a beggars.
3) The dog could be a metaphor for a bum. And be personifying a beggar. The speaker says that in order to compensate for the dogs appearance it should get a mask and go to the carnival. The dog is looked at much like a beggar would be
To his Coy Mistress
1) Coy: playfully evasive
Humber: an estuary in England
Transpires: passes, goes by
2) He is urging his mistress to love him and marry him. She is being coy because she wants to play with him even though she does love him.
3) If we sat down and slowly fell in love that would be great. But, we don’t have all of the time in the world. Therefore we should love now and forever, because I love you more than anything. Yes the argument is valid. If she puts love off then they may never have time to be together.
4) Vegetable love is appropriate because their love takes a long time to ripen. The love will take a lot of work to make which the man is willing to give. Once it is ripe it is very good for you. The simile of the lovers as birds of prey contrasts with the vegetables because birds of prey are quick and fierce.

Dream Deferred
1) “Or does it explode” is a metaphor. It is placed at the end to provide extra emphasis and to contrast and stand out because it is different than the rest of the comparisons.
2) On learning that the author Is a black American it raises the question whether the poem is about a dream while someone is asleep or whether it is about a hope and dream that someone has. It could be the dream of equality that he is writing about.

Chapter 6
The Sick Rose
1) Personification: roses are sick. And Worms are invisible and flying.
Roses and worms are used as metaphors for people.
The metaphors make the worms seem more evil and the roses seem good. It enhances their traits.
2) The rose could symbolize innocence and the worm could be a taint to it.
3) Night would be a dark time not only visually but also it would be a bad place. The storm could be a fight or a rapid change in emotion.
Digging
1) Drills: the holes where potatoes are planted
Fell to: began working again.
2) The imagery evokes a sense of hard work and admiration from the son’s point of view. He admires both his father and grandfather.
Ulysses
1) Lees: the sediment from fermentation of an alcoholic beverage.
Hyades: the 7 daughters of Atlas and half sisters of Pleades
Meet: fitting or appropriate
2) .
3) The first section is an explanation of why he wants to travel and how an idle king is useless. Part 2 is his present state of being and that he wants to leave his son, Telemachos, in charge. The third section is about his future and how he wants to leave. The third section is addressed specifically to his mariners who will miss him. The other two sections are addressed to his close friends and family. He is probably standing most while he is introducing his son to portray hi son as a man of power and to honor him.
4) Ulysses is a proud and good ruler. But most of all he is an adventurer. He longs for new sights. He is a good father and king and he loves his family.
5) The warrior king way of life is symbolized by Ulysses. He wanders not for personal pleasure but to advance his kingdom. He goes to seek out the savage races and either destroy or civilize them. He wishes to gain more knowledge.
6) He wishes to go towards the sunset which symbolizes his final journey towards death. Also the west is a vast and unexplored land at that time. He wants to find new places.
7) In lines 18-21 Ulysses says that he is influenced by all of the places that he has traveled but he still longs for new experiences and adventure. In lines 26-29 he talks of how his isolation for ten years changed him. He remembers how he suffered and now longs for more new ideas. In line 23 he compares stationary life to a rusting piece of metal. The thunder and sunshine” symbolize the highs and lows of mariner life. They mean that the men are free to wish and do what they want.
I Started Early—Took My Dog
1) This could be the relationship between a woman and a man or society. She tries to be strong but eventually runs away. Women were seen as inferior during the writing of this poem
2) The sea is personified as a male to portray the dominating relationship that men had in women’s lives. The phrase “no man moved me” is significant because it shows that she resisted the man’s force until it overwhelmed her.
3) My simple shoe portrays the woman’s simpler lifestyle. “overflow with pearl” shoes how men would help women and give them gifts. “the solid town” represents the safety of women’s social life. They had the town and their fellow townswomen as their main connections.
4) In line 20 her shoes “overflowed with pearl”, mermaids are generally happy, and the frigates extended hands to her. This gives the poem a lighter tone, almost friendly. The mixture helps to more accurately portray a woman’s life. She is overpowered by men, but she also can command respect and receives courtesy from some men and the community.
Excercises on Page 828
CAN’T DO THESE! WE DON’T HAVE THE PAGES

Chapter 7
Incident
1) The last stanza is effective because it makes simple reflective statements. It is also a very deep statement. The title is an understatement. Incident implies a small but harmless occurrance whereas the actions of the poem seem to be more serious.
New England
1) Saying that the wind is “always” north-north-east, that children walk on “frozen” toes, that people “boil” who live in other places, and that the chalice “overflows” are all examples of overstatements. Love causes them to behave as they do.
2) The speaker seems to be resentful of the traits in the personifications. “We’re told” aids in that resentful tone because it makes it seem like the speaker is being forced to do something. Or has a cumbersome task. Learning that the poet is from Maine is a little surprising because the poem has such an anti-New-England tone. However, it does make some sense because he would know of the harsh winters and times of New England.
Barbie Dolls
1) The girl had dexterity, sexual drive, strong arms and back, she was healthy and intelligent all of which are characteristics that a Barbie doll can’t possess. The girl was advised to act like a doll would if it were real. She was advised this so that she would fit into an un-accepting society.
2) Because it helps people at first but some little particle starts to wear it slowly, just like that little comment did to the girl.
3) The speaker mentions manual dexterity and strong back and arms to give the girl life like qualities that the Barbie cannot have. They contribute to her fate because she maintains them when she loses her legs and nose.
4) Puberty isn’t usually magical or enjoyable. The last three lines are ironic because she obviously doesn’t look pretty, she doesn’t have consummation, and she doesn’t get anything near a happy ending. The author is targeting the unnaccepting society of today and how the accepted warps the youth.

Ozymandias
1) The hand is of the society that left the statue. The heart is of the rulers of the society that was the heart of the society. Personification and symbolism are in hand and heart. They symbolize the parts of the society that they were left from and they have personification in that the hand mocks and the heart feeds.
2) Ozymandius probably was a ruler who believed in divine right. He was probably a dictator who was confident and fixed on expansion.
3) Ozymandius is a symbol of the power of ancient rulers. In contemporary times the poem could have been referenced to Napoleon’s reign. Or to the reign of the tsar’s in Russia.
4) Even the mightiest empires and rulers will fall and become worthless. This theme is shown by the imagery of the statue surrounded by nothing. It is the only remaining tribute to a great ruler and nation.
The Unknown Citizen
1) Scab:
Eugenist: hereditary scientist.
2) The irony in the title is that they know everything about him and yet it is called the Unknown citizen. The citizen is unknown because he has no oddities or adversities and so he is not typical.
3) This citizen had nothing odd about him. He lived a normal life and was very respectful. He was a good man.
4) It satirizes at the fact that no one in modern society is perfectly normal. Everyone has something different in them. This man, however, has no oddities.
APO 96225
1) The irony in this poem is situational irony. The speaker is more sympathetic of the cause in Vietnam. He believes that sometimes the truth hurts and shouldn’t always be told.
2) The American public was largely unaware of the wartime atrocities that were happening in Vietnam. When the news came out it shocked and frightened the people much like the mother.
Mr. Z
1) Profane- unholy or uncivilized ways.
Kosher-an accepted food
Exotic-foreign and not native to ones land or state of mind.
Ethnic-pertaining to a characteristic of like people.
Obit-the date of a person’s death/ obituary.
2) Mr. Z’s motivation is that he did not want to be discriminated against like his mother was. He did this by dropping all of the characteristics of his native society and adhering to the qualities of the high class whites.
3) The author commends Mr. Z and makes fun of the society that produced him. He portrays it as a very unaccepting society and a cruel one. Mr. Z doesn’t get a name because he gave up what defines him when he left his culture for a white culture.
4) In line 6 his marriage is judged a “chameleon”. Which means it is multi colored or interracial. It also means that it is strange and that he is considered odd. In line 22 he is compared to an “airborne plant” this is because he is growing and thriving. However, he left his ethnic roots.
5) Verbal irony is detected in the last line. Whenever the speaker discusses actions in which African Americans take part, he portrays them as bad, however this is verbal irony because he doesn’t actually mean that they are bad.
6) Mr. Z is a black man who wants to be accepted as a white man would be

Chapter 8
Out Out
1) A newspaper account would have given more facts about what he was doing and would have included less figurative language. It also would have included quotes from witnesses but not what the victim actually said.
2) “they” refers to the casual onlookers, the doctor, and society in general. A teary and sentimental ending to this poem wouldn’t lessen the quality of the poem but it would entirely change its meaning. The poem, as it is, is a comment on society. If it were changed then it would be a comment on family tragedies and the sadness that they cause.
3) Personification is used in lines 21-22 to describe his hand as appealing and trying to hold life in.
In Just
1) He is called “goat-footed” because he is steady footed but he is also very awkward looking. Much like a goat. This is a mythological allusion to the faun which is a powerful creature.
On his Blindness
1) Spent: passed by
Fondly: kindly, lovingly
Prevent: stop, not allow,
Post: go, travel
2) “Talent” has the meaning of being either a skill or capacity for skill and success. Milton’s “one talent” is life.
3) Lines nine and ten are an allusion to the bible. In both, someone with little is given a chance.
4) The point of the poem is that it doesn’t matter what you have. What matters is how hard you work.
Leda and The Swan
1) Leda gave birth to Helen who is the reason for the battle of troy which ended in troy’s wall being burned and Agamemnon’s death
2) This poem gives a picture and a tone to an episode of mythology. The final lines are asking whether she realized it was Zues and accepted him because of it. I would answer this by saying that, yes, she did know.
Life With Father
1) Sunday is used in particular because it is a Holy day. It is supposed to be a day of family and love. The drunken raving is proof because they view alcohol as a demon from the devil that possesses their father. Yes demon is an allusion to drink and the devil.
2) The father does physically abuse the children. He is depicted as a giant which is a very abusive and violent creature in common literature.
3) The title is ironic because in this story, unlike the original story, the father is not being checked by the mother.
4) All of these comics have something to do with an abusive parent or a parent that isn’t quite at par. These funnies save the children because they make them feel less isolated because other people have the same problems and because they are comic relief to their daily painful lives.
5) The giant represents the children’s fear because it is scary and abusive. It is what they want because it is different and magical and children are curious about such things. The drunken stupor is compared to the beanstalk because as he gets more drunk he climbs higher on his beanstalk to an abusive giant. Poverty is implied by how the children have no source of entertainment except for comics and drunks hold a large part of the class in poverty. The father dreams of “gold” because gold is his symbol for alcohol. When people are drunk they want more alcohol.

Chapter 9
Loveliest of Trees
1) You don’t have very long, even if it may seem otherwise, so make the best of the time that you have.
2) The speaker is twenty and he assumes that he will be 70 because that is about how long people lived then. The words “only” and “little” are surprising because they present 50 years, which we think of as a very long time, as very short and quick.
3) I think that it is literal. He wants to see as many of the cherries as possible and so he will look for them in the winter snow as well as every other time.
The Indifferent
1) Indifferent: without interest or concern
Know: to understand as a fact
Travail: difficult work
2) The speaker is a man who is in love with a woman. He is speaking to that woman. He is indifferent to her varying characteristics. He insists that a lover be true and faithful.
3) He accuses woman of the vice of not accepting men’s characteristics. Their mothers were accepting of different men and were less focused on looks.
4) Venus investigates his complaint because she has never heard it before. Her investigation confirms his accusation. The heretics are people who wish to make only one type and characteristic of a person admirable or attractive and she punished them by making them be faithful to those who weren’t faithful.
How Annandale Went out
1) The speaker is Annandale’s friend who is being accused of murdering his friend. He is talking to his accuser and the court. Pleading his innocence.
2) He understates the scene of Annandale’s death. He calls himself a “liar” and a ‘hypocrite’ as an overstatement and to remain modest. In lines 4-5 he means that it was a very gruesome sight to watch his friend die. In line 9 he means that he remembers the accident as well as he remembers his friend’s life. He uses gruesome words like “ruin” as pronouns for his friend. He also uses “it”
3) These phrases show that he was there at the incident but since he is speaking to people that could prosecute him, they show that he didn’t do it he just witnessed it.
4) The engine is his car and he has done something illegal and immoral but he is trying to plead innocent. He uses his hand to show that he wasn’t moving with his car. This shows that he couldn’t have done it….I don’t understand this question…..
5) The auditor does approve of his action. He accepts it as truth, however Robinson doesn’t.
No Worst, There is none
1) Fell: fierce
2) Pitch of grief: a cry
My cries heave.
All, or almost all, of the auditory and visual imagery is sad or of crying or wailing
3) The failure to identify a cause gives the poem a universal cause. It could be used for many ideas. The religious references suggest that the poem is about some sort of dilemma that must be overcome. It also suggests that the poem could be based around god or a religious figure.

Chapter 10
Apparently with no Surprise
1) The blonde assassin is winter as it kills many plants.
2) The flower is beheaded at no surprise, but it is by an assassin whos job is to surprise. There is no surprise to the people who have seen it every year, but the flower is surprised.
Crossing the Bar
1) Bourne: destination
2) Lines 1-4 and 9-13 are used to describe approaching death. Death happens when he puts out to see right after sunset.
3) The moaning of the bar metaphorically represents that the bar doesn’t want him to die; it is trying to protect him. The speaker is wishing for a peaceful death at sea which is why he doesn’t want anyone to worry about him.
4) The thing that drew from the boundless deep is the storm that would kill him and the boundless deep is both the ocean and death. The boundless deep is opposed to the bar which contains it. The Pilot is capitalized because it represents God.
The Apparition
1) Feigned: pretended
Aspen: a type of tree
Quicksilver: the element mercury
The last two words are figurative, the woman is tall like an aspen. And she is bathed in a heavy sweat
2) They were lovers but not married. A solicitation is an urging where as a proposal is just asking.
3) No, the tone of the poem suggests that he is still in love but he isn’t happy about his failure to be able to marry her.
4) He believes her to be cheating on him. He is accusing her of being either unfaithful or a liar.
5) He gives it the twist that she purposely doesn’t satisfy him to kill his love.
6) He envisions her in arms worse than his own in his mind but obviously not hers. This man will be tired because he has slept with other ladies. He will think that she is calling for more sex. He is implying that he and the woman have had sex.
7) He doesn’t even know. He is trying to threaten her so that she won’t leave him.
8) She would remain innocent of sex before or outside of marriage if he told her what the ghost would tell. The speaker really wants her to stay with him.
The Flea
1) Before the first line the flea had bitten and sucked blood from 2 people, a girl and a boy. Between the first two stanzas the flea has been found and the woman is about to kill it, which she does in the third. Between stanzas 2 and 3 she kills the flea. The female character is unconcerned and acts as if it is no sin to kill the flea. She says that she killed it because it took life from the man.
2) The speaker is a pursuer of the woman but her parents don’t wish them to be together. She has denied his advances and sex. She has killed him by denying him this. She has done this to preserve her virginity and because her parents want her to. He is still alive because she is still there for him to uselessly pursue.
3) His argument is that through the tick mingling their blood, they are lovers and have had sex without her losing her virginity. This is a bent logic that is true to the belief at the time but still far-fetched.
4) The parents don’t want them together, the living walls of jet are the ticks sides. She will kill him, her, and their love. She will commit the three sins of murder, suicide, and deception of his love.
5) She triumphs by killing the flea and destroying their connection. His final argument that the flea took the life from her that would keep them apart isn’t very logical because she still won’t be with him.
6) After the conclusion of the poem they go on as always. He will pursue her and she will resist.
7) The apparition is more vengeful, he is mad at her. Whereas in the Flea he is still pursuing and pleading with her.
Dover Beach
1) strand: beach
girdle: belt, cord, or sash
darkling: in the dark
The cliffs of Dover are cliffs on the side of Britain that face France
2) The speaker is on the beaches of Dover at nighttime watching the waves and beach. He is speaking to any audience or maybe to a lover.
3) The visual aspects of the poem are all very romantic and sometimes verge on illusion because of their vividness. The auditory description is more realistic and mostly describes the movement of the waves and the sounds of the beach.
4) He is a believer in faith. However, he like so many others, is believing less.
5) The armies are figurative, they represent the armies of people who are and aren’t religious. The dark plains represent the dark topic and dark outcome of the discussion and battle.
6) The overall tone of the poem is sad and hopeless. The speaker has given up on the idea of a completely religious society and he is sad about it.
Getting Out
1) The blame goes out to both people in the couple; however, only one of them was the cause of “tightening the heart”.
2) The “matching eyes and hair” suggests that they were so alike that they did everything together and therefore were confined to each other and started to look alike. They aren’t very emotionally mature in that they can’t make up their minds. The final line shows that they are still undecided as to if they want to let go.
3) No but it can be mental imprisonment. They are mentally imprisoned by the relationship as in they can’t change.
4) The shift in tone between the two stanzas goes from angry to wanting and rememberance. The two people still somewhat love each other, because they are still reminded of each other when they see people who look like the other. Also because they look forward to the yearly letter.

Explication of "Chicago"

Chicago is poem about the town of chicago.
The first few lines name a few of the atrocities of the city such as its brutality, and wickedness. Each line presents a new idea about the city. However, in line 9 and on the author starts to speak more of how in the face of all of its wrong doings, there is no city prouder then chicago.
The word choice by the author is very masculine. He uses words like savage and bald headed and he speaks of things that are masculine(in the dirty, hard sense) like shootings, and prostitutes. The actions that he lists are all words of harsh or violent action.
The formation of the words is another key. WHen he lists actions, he stacks them like theskyscrapers of Chicago and of their standing pride. However, his regular lines are sprawling like the cities sprawled nature. It is a city of motion.
The final few lines really profess the power and pride of Chicagoers. it says " Proud to be a hog butcher...player with railroads....to the nation" This represents how, even though they are inglorious jobs that hold their centers in Chicago, they are proud and happy to do them because it gives them a pride in their town and nation.

The Sheep Child Explanation

The Sheep Child is a Poem by James Dickey. He is telling of how a mutilated child, half sheep and half human, was born and how it stops farm boys from sexually assaulting animals.
The poem is divided into stanzas that are eight lines.
The first Stanza is based on the farms. It explains how boys couple with anything they can but avoid live animals.
The second Stanza however jumps to a museum in Atlanta wherethe mutilated creature is that keeps the boys away from the live stock.
The third stanza is in the past tense where the narrator looks back on those times and how they have changed.
Then the turning point happens and the poem is narrated through the mind of the demented creature in the museum.

This poem is split into two parts. the first part explains an evil from the eyes of the evil-doers. The second part is from the eyes of that which is harmed by it.

this poem could be interpreted as an explanation of how legends control and change our lives. The legend of the beast has kept kids away from sheep. However, it is physically imposible for that to happen. Just like the stories of lock-ness or Big Foot or the Jersey Devil. These are highly unlikely but they are myths and legends created for a purpose. In the sheeps case it is to protect sheep.
The sheep/man could be a symbol of satan as a mutilation of the human form. This would make sense because it represents greed lust and gross, disgusting things.

Another way to interpret this poem is to look at the second part as the most influential portion. The second part is more of the hopless plight of a young. "Dead, i am most certainly living In the minds of farm boys" this quote from lines 55-56 shows how the creature is a warden that keeps farm boys away from sheep even if it might not be real.

"I am he who drives them like wolves from the hound bitch and calf" from lines 56-57 is written by the author to solidify the creatures status.
The Second part could be interpreted as exactly opposite of the first. The creature could be considered a savior to its people(the sheep). It sacraficed itself to save its sheep. It was killed. It was saved in a museum, or just in the minds of boys, until the persecuters moved on. It died while it was still in the juices of birth and that represents new life, Jesus had new life after death.

last few entries

237--"Now i know...never had time to see,"
This quote again discusses the idea of color and its effect on people. this is the first realization about why Baby liked color.

242--"maybe there is something else terrible enough to make her do it again"
FOreshadow that sethe could kill again. watch out for it.

Denver really starts to mature in part three. one sign of this is that she goes from likeing and trusting beloved, a two year old, to trusting adults like the community. She finnaly goes out into the community and helps people and recieves help. SHe gets a job and begins to realize that she must protect her mother.

The end of this book is very good. it fits into the theme that spirits control everything. Beloved is finally vanquished by the townspeople calling on spirits for help. Also it reinforces the idea of how women are more active then men.. It is all women who go to help Denver. Women show more compasion and are more of action. It also could be there motherly instinct to help a young lady, denver, in need.

part 2 Analysis

What Happens:
Part two starts with Stamp Paid and how he goes about his life and his job of helping people. That is what he does for a living, he doesn’t save anyone but he helps a lot of people. Then the story advances to his interaction with 124. His history and relationship with Baby Suggs is covered as well as their big argument. Then the story switches to Sethe and the daughters and their first happy “family” time ice-skating. However, it is reinforced that seethe is still a freed slave not a free person. Babies life and all the times that she has been abandoned are covered. Stamp contemplates Babies life choices. The story returns to Sethe again where the idea of family is reinforced. Stamp sees Beloved and is shocked so he goes and finds Paul D and asks him about her. Sethe has a flashback to sixo’s philosophy about stealing and how sixo was a bad slave. But he was a happy person. She recounts her daily routine in slave life. This reinforces how slavery still affects her. They start to cover the plan for escaping from Sweet Home and Stamp ends the first chapter of section 2 talking about the weird voices around 124.
The next three chapters are each of the woman’s individual tales involving each other and their feelings. They are a reflection on the life of the family and the individual. Both Denver and Sethe sound obsessed with Beloved in theirs.
The next chapter is in the dialect of all three characters in conversation. This could be to show their unity as a family. This chapter explains A LOT about the characters and their goals.
The final chapter in this section is Stamp Paid finding Paul D on the steps of the Church and talking with him. This is the first part where Stamp really opens up on his own. His heart was broken open Beloved but now he opens it and actually speaks his piece to Stamp. He explains in detail the plan to break free from sweet home and how it went wrong and sixo’s death. This is his acknowledgement and releasing of the past. I am guessing that he will now no longer be held by slavery because he has let go.
How it Happens:
This section is largely told as a story by one person. A lot of it is reflection. Even if it is spoken to another character it is reflected in a story or thoughts. The only part where this is not true is where Stamp is speaking to Ella about where Paul could be and when Beloved, Sethe, and Denver have their own chapter where they tell stories. This could show progression. Especially for Paul who is finally letting slavery go. Beloved is maturing and Sethe is on the road to letting slavery go. Something that Baby Suggs couldn’t do.
How it relates to part 1:
Part two relates to part one because it shows the change in characters. Part 1 is all about the characters travels. This part gets deeper into the characters motivations and very meaningful aspects of their lives. Most importantly it shows their growth.

Beloved Journal entries pg46-235

49--"Operating...walk,eat, sleep, sing...and a little sex"
Men as shown by this quote are portrayed as simple. They have simple and primitive needs. However, the other side is that this could be shown as men as uncomplicated and women as overly complicated. Men could have there lives figured out.

57--"the doomed roses"
the roses at the carnival are red. this ties into the motif of colors representing mood. The roses appear just as sethe becomes happy with Paul D and her life. they could be foreshadow that the relationship wont last and as the love dies more, more people will notice like they notice the dieing flowers.

59--"the shadows of three people still held hands"
This shows the unity of Sethe and her family. She is finally happy. the shadows are now infront of them however, this could mean that the happiness is in the future.

64--"Shes not sick"...the passion in her voice made them smile"
Denver is finally happy to have a "sister". she has been alone her entire life and cannot accept that beloved might be sick. She feels like she knows most about Beloved.

66--"in those big black eyes...no expression at all"
Beloved had no feeling in her eyes. no emotion. This is because she is a ghost. She also has never known Denver. She died before denver was old enough to make an impresion and before beloved was old enough to get an impression.

69--Beloved has changed Denver and Sethe. they have become more happy and satisfied.

75--"the questions beloved asked...how did she know"
At this point sethe and denver dontknow that beloved is a ghost.. is she a ghost or just someone who reminds them of sethes daughter.

76--"the quality of the green changed"
strawberries change color just before they sprout new fruit. women change moods haha....

81--"He saw them boys do that to me and let them keep on breathing air?"
Sethe now believes that Halle had seen her being raped and did nothing to stop it. She is furious and feels betrayed. Again this reinforces how week men are.

88--"In the dark my name is beloved."
Beloved is a ghost!! she talks about death and how dark it is.. Black is the absence of color which could mean that there are no emotions in death.

95--"When the busy day is done...Cometh lady button eyes."
Lady button eyes is Beloved but i dont completely understand this poem....I think it is showing beloved as an outsider to the family. She comes in the poem after sethe is rocking her baby.

Amy is going to boston to get a certain type of velvet. This shows a goal and a meaning in life. Unlike Baby Suggs who died because she had no reason to live. Amy has nothing but her goal.

101--Lay em down, seth...Dont study war no more"
Sethe was studying war against her past. She was told to put her sword AND shield down. Her shield was her gaurding against her pastand her sword was attacking the world for her hardships.

103--"She told them that the only grace they could have wa the grace they could imagine"
Sethe is saying that there pretty much is no hope. If you want good fortune then u should make it up because it doesnt just happen.

113--"jammed full of iron"
what does this mean???

113--"Somebody choked me...Grandma baby, i reckon"
Another ghost. this story is controled by them. this time the ghost starts the great connection between the family.

118--milk symbolizes love

122--"she was trying to get upstairs...The Baby"
They hear the baby trying to get upstairs!!!! why is the baby back..... is it because they visited the field.

138--Beloved seduces Paul...She is the key to unlocking his heart... Women are stronger than men.

SHE KILLS HER OWN BABY!!! WITH A SAW!!!??? this book is crazy... the baby is a sacrafice to save the family's bodies. However the family is destroyed by it.

199--"but sneaking was his job"
again men are weaker then women! men are sneaking around. He is scared off by a womens household.

201--"and right there was the thorn"
Stamp has put the thorn in the families side. or has he. every rose has its thorn. he drove off Paul but in the long run the women were happy alone.

206--"on al fours"
Sethe is still an animal!

209--Baby Suggs had countless hardships in her life...it sucked. this is contrasted to denver who hasnt had many other than lonliness.

213--"never fixed on red"
he hopes that she wont be sad because red means sad.

215--"the voices that ring 124 like a noose"
The book is coming to a climax. soon the noose will close!!

228--"flies settled all over your face"
beloved was covered in flies. possibly a sign that she was destined for something. flies appear when something is going to die.

Pg 1-- "Sethe and her daughter... were it's only victims...the sons had run away by the time they were thirteen years old."

This shows sethe as a strong woman and swts the tone for a feminist book. It also shows that the boys, as soon as they reached manhood, ran away and are therefore weak. The house can be looked at as society because it is punishing the strong woman just as society frowned upon strong women at that time.

Pg 1-- Setting: In Ohio just outside of Cincinnati. Around 1870.

Pg 2--"She couldnt get interested in leaving life or living it"

Baby suggs feels that she is bored with life but not ready for death. This line seemed important but i dont know why.

Pg 2--"For a baby she throws a powerfull spell...No more powerfull than the way I loved her"

Love is a spell...It is evil and blinds people. This is a motif. It shows again on pg 25 when Sethe has sex with Paul D and immediately regrets it. She was blinded by lust.

Pg 7-- "Try as she might to make it otherwise...She could never forgive her memory."

Sethe remembers more about the trees and nature then her children and friends. This could show that she was above her peers and more to the level of nature or that she sees deeper than just friends. She finds comfort in nature.

Pg 8--Paul D has peachstone skin and a straight back. He has emotions although he only shows them when he chooses to. He is a very caring man. He is a wanderer and maybe a fugitive.

Pg 10--"Straight into a pool of red light"

red light symbolizes sadness and the ghost.

Pg 12--"They were young and so sick with the absense of women they had taken to calves."

WHAT THE HELL!!!! This is a disturbing book! Very graphic... this however does reinforce the idea that women are superior to men because men must wait for the woman. They are forced to degrade themselves to the level of cows.

Pg 14-- "Looking....like a girl instead of...Denver had known her entire life"

This again shows the degrading effect men have. Women are usually "queenly" but Paul D made Sethe a lesser woman by suduction. This is not right.

Pg 15-- Theme: Absence: there are alot of absent figures such as Denvers father, Baby suggs after she dies. alot of the children of various women die.

Pg 16--Ghosts are a motif. there is a ghost in the house. Baby suggs talks of ghosts... there was a ghost on the sweet home.

Pg 18-19-- The tree that was wipped into Sethes back is a symbol for sethes strength. She is strong like a tree. It is also an ugly testament to male brutality.

Pg 26--They encouraged you to put some of your weight in there hands....ran her children out and tore up her house."

What baby suggs says of men. Reinforces that men are lower beings. That they are dirty and unlawfull and mean. Also the righteousness of women.

Pg 29--"He asked the redman's presence"

Another spirit. Ghosts and spirits seem to control this story. The control through fear. It also gives the story a religious outlook.

Pg 32-33--How loose the silk...Loose and free"

This is Sethe thinking back to the time her afnd Halle had sex in the fields but it is describing corn husking. why is she comparing corn husking to sex?

Pg 35-36--'The dress and her mother...helping out the other'

The dress(a ghost) is again controling the story. it is the strongest figure in this scene.

Pg 42--"Anything dead coming back to life hurts"

Amy says this while she is helping sethe. This could be foreshadow to the death and haunting of Sethe by her baby.

Pg 44-- "If it's still there..nothing ever dies"

This is a comment on religion by the author. She is expressing a belief in afterlife and ghosts.

Pg 46-- Color is becoming a motif. Color is a part of life Suggs longed for it just before she died and now Sethe is wanting more color.